Power Plant Gyan

The condenser in a steam turbine system plays a critical role in the power generation process by converting the exhaust steam from the turbine back into water, which can then be reused in the boiler. However, the condenser itself can experience losses, which can impact the overall efficiency of the system. Condenser losses can be broadly classified into two categories: thermal losses and mechanical losses. Thermal losses occur due to the temperature difference between the condensing steam and the cooling water. This temperature difference can lead to heat transfer losses and reduce the efficiency of the system. Factors that can impact thermal losses include the temperature and flow rate of the cooling water, the surface area of the condenser tubes, and the design of the condenser. Mechanical losses occur due to the resistance of the condenser components, such as the tubes, baffles, and pumps, to the flow of steam and cooling water. This resistance can lead to pressure losses and can im

There are several types of losses that occur in a steam turbine, which can impact its overall efficiency. These losses include: 1. Friction Losses: Friction losses occur due to the resistance between the moving parts of the steam turbine, such as bearings, seals, and other components. These losses can lead to increased wear and tear on the turbine components and can reduce its efficiency. 2. Windage Losses: Windage losses occur when the rotating blades of the turbine interact with the surrounding air, creating turbulence and resistance. This can result in increased power requirements and reduced efficiency. 3. Blade Profile Losses: Blade profile losses occur due to the shape and design of the turbine blades. The shape of the blades can impact the amount of steam that can flow through the turbine and can lead to increased losses. 4. Leakage Losses: Leakage losses occur due to steam escaping from the turbine, either through the sealing components or through the blade clearances. This can

Oxygen trimming is a process used in coal-fired boilers to optimize combustion efficiency and reduce emissions. The term "oxygen trimming" refers to the control of the amount of excess oxygen in the combustion process by adjusting the air flow and fuel flow rates. In a coal-fired boiler, air is typically supplied to the combustion chamber through a series of air registers. The amount of air supplied is typically greater than the amount of oxygen required for complete combustion of the coal. This excess air is referred to as "excess oxygen." Oxygen trimming involves monitoring the level of oxygen in the flue gas and adjusting the air and fuel flows to maintain the desired level of excess oxygen. By reducing the amount of excess oxygen, combustion efficiency can be improved, which in turn reduces the amount of fuel required to generate a given amount of steam or heat. In addition to improving combustion efficiency, oxygen trimming can also reduce emissions of nitrogen

A canister vent is provided in a condensate extraction pump in a thermal power plant to prevent the buildup of air and other gases in the pump casing. As the pump operates, air and other gases can enter the casing and collect in the top of the casing, reducing the efficiency of the pump and potentially causing damage. The canister vent is a small opening in the top of the pump casing that is connected to a vent pipe. The vent pipe is typically routed to a location where the air and other gases can be safely vented to the atmosphere. By providing a canister vent, the air and other gases that collect in the top of the pump casing can be continuously vented to the atmosphere, preventing the buildup of pressure and ensuring that the pump operates efficiently. This helps to prevent damage to the pump and reduces maintenance requirements. In addition, the canister vent also helps to prevent the formation of a vacuum inside the pump casing. A vacuum can occur when air and other gases are no

 There are the following turbine trip protections are given:-   Emergency push button trip from desk & operator work station (OWS) Channel-1 Channel-2 Channel-3 Fire Protection (Channel-1 & Channel -2) from control desk & OWS Channel-1,Channel-2 & Channel-3. & MBLD 1 & 2 (from MOT room & TG floor) Condenser vacuum low trip 2/3 (2 out of 3 logic). Lubricating Oil pressure very low 2/3 (2 out of 3 logic). HP exhaust steam temperature. Very high 2/3 (2 out of 3 logic).        Axial shift Very high 2/3 (2 out of 3 logic). HP Casing top bottom differential Temperature Very high (2 out of 2 logic) & load greater than 20% of rated load IP casing Front & Rear Top-bottom differential Temperature Very high (2 out of 2 logic) & load greater than 20% of rated load. Cold gas temperature after H 2 cooler high (2 out of 3 logic). Seal oil temperature after cooler high (2 out of 3 logic).   Liquid level in main leads high (2 out of 3 logic). Hot air temperatu

PREPARATION FOR STARTING Check the Deaerator is filled to normal working level. Check that the control air and electrical supply are available for the instrumentation, leak-off equipment and valve. Check that the recirculation valve and isolating valve are open. Check that all the instrumentation tapping points and isolating valve are open and that all drains equalizing valves are shut. Open feed pump drive end and non-drive end mechanical seal cooler circulation water inlet and outlet isolating valve. Check that the pump set discharge isolating valve is open. Crack open the pump set suction isolating valve. Open the booster stage air vent valve and vent any trapped air or gases from the pump casing. Shut the booster pump air vent valve when water issues freely from it. Note the interconnecting pipework and the boiler feed pump discharge pipework should also be primed and vented. Vent the feed pump mechanical and the cooler Fully open the pump set suction valve. Ensure that the clarifi

Typical power-plant cycles which incorporate the natural-draft hyperbolic cooling tower are shown in the schematics. FIGURE  Introduction:- Note that only 40% of heat-energy input is converted to power in the fossil-fuel plant , while 45% is discharged to condenser cooling water ; the remaining 15% is lost up the stack & in the ash . A nuclear plant is even less efficient , converting only about 33% of its heat energy input into power , with 62% discharged to cooling water & 5% lost. Remember, nonetheless, that heat discharges from electric power plants are among the lowest of all energy-conversion processes.   A natural draft hyperbolic cooling tower are evaporative in design , they contain no fans. Working principle:- Flow of air through shell is created by the density difference between atmospheric air and that inside the tower which has been warmed by the hot water from plant condensers. As with the mechanical-draft-type, two basic airflow schemes in relation

CONDENSATE EXTRACTION PUMP (CEP) Its Importance in Thermal Power Plant It handles water from hot well. The characteristic of that pump is that it handles water from vacuum.  Berceuse the condenser and the hot well are in vacuum bellow atmospheric pressure. No other pump has this characteristic to handle in such condition. It takes water from vacuum pressure and delivered above atmospheric pressure.   It is a vertical turbine type pump which is multi stage. It deliver water from hot well to deaerator. They may be used to pump the condensate produced from latent water vapors in any of the following mixtures: Steam condensed (exhaust from LP turbine) in condenser Make up water (dumped in condenser hot well from condensate storage tank) Flash box water LPDFT water HPDFT water Drip from ejector Drip from LPFWH   CEP for a 200 MW unit:- Each unit has been equipped with three nos. of condensate pumps installed vertically at minus four meter level in to the turbine hall.

     In a power plant large amount of heat is rejected  which is a byproduct. This heat can not ignored & it is rejected from the primary system (CW system)  to a secondary system (atmosphere).      Physically atmosphere is treated as a heat sink in which heat is dumped  with the help of air or water. Cooling system are three distinct types:- Once-through cooling :- Waste heat is transfer  with the help of cooling water which is receive & discharge to a rivers or lakes sea.   Evaporative cooling:- Waste heat is dissipated to the atmosphere by evaporation of a small portion of the cooling water. it require cooling towers. Dry cooling:- Heat is dissipated directly to the atmosphere. it require air cooled heat exchangers.      In once through cooling system water is taken from natural resources & after cooling process hot water is dumped in to the again in natural resources so there is a thermal effect on the natural water resources.      So once through cooling is then rep