Power Plant Gyan

The purposes of the Condensate system are to: Condense steam from the main turbine and TDBFP and collect steam drains in to the main condenser.   Remove non-condensable gases from the main condenser. Purify and preheat water prior to injection into the boiler. Supply  the  driving  head to  pump water  from  the  main  condenser  to  the boiler.   Provide injection  path  for  High Pressure  Coolant Injection system  to  the bpoler Provide injection path for Reactor Core Isolation Cooling system to the  boiler.   Provide a path for returning Reactor Water Cleanup system to the boiler. There are the following system involved in condensate system. CST (condensate storage tank) Condenser Hotwell CEP (Condensate extraction pump...

S team turbines are started based on operating instructions which is developed by original equipment manufacturer. Start-up includes a sequence of actions followed as according to various parameters. During start-up of turbine maintaining the limit values of operating parameters. Start-up of turbine is a complicated operation as it consists of starting of various equipment and auxiliary systems. Turbine start up is a transient & non-stationary actions like, Transient heating Varying steam flows Acceleration of rotors Three basic phases can be distinguished in the process of steam t urbine unit Turbine preparation to start-up, Running-up to idle run and synchronization,    Loading. o    Turbine to start-up begins with turning gear or barring gear. o    The turning gear operated by electric (electric turning gear)   or hydraulic (hydraulic turning gear)   o    Before start up of turbine it is thermally stablished o  ...

A low NOx burners is a multi fule burners as :- Coal Gas Oil A low nox burners have following benifits  This burner provide most effective NOx reduction without affecting boiler performance. With high rate of firing there are some NOx are formed. As per air quality index it should be exist within prescribed limit. Heavier oil leads to higher nitrogen content. Lightoil contain less nitrogen. Thelow nox burners are modified axial flow burners with  Reduced excess air  More split air stream Gas recirculation at time. Working principal of low nox burners Lower excess at r reduce the tendency of form nox due to the scareity of oxygen. As the air stream is split the combustion takes place in stage and this protected combustion does not permit flame temperature to reach this peak. So flame starve of both temperature and  free air which suppracing the nox forming tendancy. This reduce more than 50% nox reduction. For achieving 70% NOx reduction flue gas from furnace are rec...

Coal pulverizer system is classified in two types  Direct fired system. Stored fired system. DIRECT FIRE SYSTEM:-  In it coal leaving from each mill goes directly to the combustion process. Air dry the fuel and evaporated the moisture also increase the fuel temperature. This hot fuel air mixture goes for combustion in to the furnace. STORAGE FIRE SYSTEM:- In this system coal is separated from air or gas.  In this system moisture is separated and not participate in combustion process. Stored ground coal is injected in to the furnace with new air. Requirement of direct firing system:- Raw coal feeder- this regulate the coal quantity in to the mill. Heat source:- this dry the coal and preheat the air and fuel. Primary air fan:- this supply the air to the mill. Piping:- direct the coal and primary air to and from the mill. Burner:- this mix the coal and primary air from the pulverizer to the burners.

Boilers are specified by four parameter as listed:- Steam flow rate or evaporation Steam outlet pressure Steam outlet temperature Feed water inlet temperature Steam Flow or Evaporation or Boiler Output:- This is the amount of steam generated from the FW supplied at a certain temperature. It is the capacity or the rating of the boiler expressed in ton per hours. Boiler ratings are better designated by the heat duty than evaporation. Super heater outlet pressure:- It is the pressure at which steam is available for further consumption. Usually it is approximate 5% higher than process or turbine inlet pressure to account for the piping loss. In fixed-pressure boilers, this pressure is held constant as the turbine inlet valves vary the steam pressure to the inlet nozzles. SH Outlet Temperature:- Super heater outlet temperature is the temperature at which the steam leaves the super heaters. It is the highest temperature gain by the steam in a boiler. RH steam is s...

Circulation is the flow of water, steam or both through the tube circuits of a boiler (from boiler drum,boiler down comer, riser water walls ). Adequate circulation is necessary for all the circuits to remove the heat  from the boiler furnace and cool the heating surfaces by carry the heat. Due to carry the heat from the the metal surfaces the temperature of metals remain cools within a specific limit. Sufficient circulation in provided in steam water circuit to avoid any salts deposits on the inner metallic  surface of boiler. In a circuit if the fluid enters at the inlet and leaves the outlet to the next circuit it is a once through system.   If part of the fluid from the outlet of the circuit is returned to the inlet of the same circuit it is a re circulation system.    In a boiler the following circuits always adopt once through system. Economiser Super heaters Re heaters In these circuits the inlet pressure of the fluid effects the circulation.  The wa...

Introduction :- The Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System (FSSS) is designed for  To assure the execution of a safe, orderly operating sequence in the start up & shut down of fuel firing equipment. To prevent errors of omission and commission in following such a safe operating procedure. The system provides protection, should there be a malfunction of fuel firing equipment and associated air systems. The safety features of the system are designed for protection in most common emergency situations. Basic Functions of FSSS:- Prevent any fuel firing unless a satisfactory furnace purge sequence has first been completed.  Prevent start-up of individual fuel firing equipment unless certain permissive interlocks have first been satisfied.  Monitor and control the proper component sequence (manual or automatic) during start-up and shutdown of fuel firing equipment. Make continued operation of fuel firing equipment subject to certain safety interlocks remaining satisfied. ...

The notification from MoEF & CC dated 7th December-2015 amends existing norms related to emission of SPM and introduces new norms for emission of SO2, NOx and Mercury from Thermal Power Plants (TPPs). I t also specifies modified limits for specific water consumption by TPPs. To convert existing once through based condenser cooling system to recirculation type. Different limits are specified based on capacity of power plant and year of installation.   NEW REGULATIONS ON EMISSION A summary of new regulations on air emission is given in below: Date of Installation PM SO2 Nox Mercury (Hg) Before 31-12 -2003 100 mg/Nm3 600 mg/Nm3 for <500MW 600 mg/Nm3 0.03 mg/Nm3 for >=500MW 200 mg/Nm3 for >=500MW After 01-01-2003 & Upto 31-12-2016 50 mg/Nm3 600 mg/Nm3 for <500 MW 300 mg/Nm3 0.03 mg/Nm3 for ...